¬Ö»ÄÜÊÇÌìÂö¼Ò×壡
±±·½£¬ÓÄÂÞº££¬ºÚÉ«µÄº£Ë®ÏÆÆð¿ñ³±£¬¾Þ´óµÄÀË»¨²»¶ÏÅÄ´òÔÚѱÚÖ®ÉÏ£¬·¢³öÕðÌìµÄºäÃùÉù¡£
Òõ³ÁµÄÌì¿ÕÏ£¬Ò»µÀµÀ¿Ö²ÀµÄ¿Õ¼äÁѺÛÃÍÈ»¼äÕÀ¿ª£¬¾ÍÏñÊÇÌìÄ»ÉϵÄÒ»µÀµÀÉ˰̣¬½Ó×ÅÓÖ»º»ºÓúºÏ¡£
Î˵ÄÒ»Éù£¬¸ßËʵĺÚÉ«µÄÑÒ±ÚÉÏ£¬ºöÈ»¼ä³öÏÖÁËһλ°×ÒÂͯ×ÓµÄÉíÓ°¡£
¿ñÔêµÄÆøÁ÷´µ·÷×ÅËûÄǺÚÉ«µÄ³¤·¢£¬·¶¯×ÅËûÄǰ×É«µÄÒ°ڣ¬Í¯×Ó³Á¾²µÄíø×Ó¿´ÏòÏÕ¶ñµÄº£Ã棬×ì½ÇºöÈ»¹´³öһ˿ÒõÀäµÄЦÒâ¡£
¡°¹ûÈ»»áÌôÑ¡µØ·½£¬ÕâÀïµÄ¿Õ¼ä×î²»Îȶ¨£¬±¾×ùÒª³öÊÖ£¬Ò²²»µÃ²»ÓÐËù¹Ë¼É£¬Ö»¿Éϧ£¬¡±ÌìÂöÊØÍûÕß±ùÀäһЦ£¬¡°ÀϽ£¹í£¬É±Äã¸ù±¾Óò»µ½Ì«¶àµÄÊֶΣ¡¡±
ÇáÉù˵°Õ£¬Ëû×ÝÉíÌøÏÂÐüÑ£¬³à×ÅË«½Å£¬Ì¤×źÚÉ«µÄº£ÀË£¬´ó²½Ïò×Ŵ󺣵ÄÉî´¦×ßÈ¥¡£
¿ÉЦ£¬ËûÃÇÒÔΪ°ÑÏôÇ¿²ØÆðÀ´£¬±¾×ù¾ÍÕÒ²»µ½ËûÁËÂð£¿
¸ü¿ÉЦµÄÊÇÀϽ£¹í£¬ËûÒÔΪƾ½èËûÄǵãʵÁ¦£¬¾ÍÄܵ²×¡±¾×ùµÄ½Å²½£¿
·´ÕýÀϽ£¹íÒ²ÊDZØÉ±Ö®ÈË£¬ÀϽ£¹íËÀÁË£¬ÏôÇ¿½«×ÔÈ»½Ó¹Ü½£Ö®·¨Ôò¡£
ÔÚ±¾×ùµÄ´ó¸ÐÓ¦Êõ֮ϣ¬ÏôÇ¿½«ÎÞ´¦¶ÝÐΣ¡
µÚ1839Õ¡¡äÂÉñÕߣ¬¸ñɱÎðÂÛ£¡
ºÚÉ«µÄº£ÃæÉÏ£¬°×ÒÂͯ×Ó̤À˶øÐУ¬Ëùµ½Ö®´¦·çƽÀ˾²£¬¾ÍÁ¬×îΪÐ×Ã͵ĺ£ÊÞÒ²±»Í¯×ÓÉíÉϵÄÉñÊ¥ÆøÏ¢ËùÕðÉ壬·×·×DZÈëÉ£¬¶ã²ØÁËÆðÀ´¡£
ÌìÂöÊØÍûÕßǰÐÐÁËÊ®¼¸Àïºó£¬º£ÃæÉÏ£¬Òì±äÍ»Æð¡£
ǰ·½£¬É¢·¢×ÅÐȳôÆøÏ¢µÄº£³±ÐÚÓ¿ÁËÆðÀ´£¬ÃÜÃÜÂéÂéµÄÒìÊ޺ͺ£ÊÞ£¬ÔÚ·ÐÌڵĺ£Ë®ÖÐÈôÒþÈôÏÖ£¬Õý°éËæ×ź£ÀË£¬Ïò×ÅËûÐÚÓ¿¶øÀ´¡£
Óë´Ëͬʱ£¬Òõ³ÁµÄÔÆ²ãÖУ¬ÎÞÊý±äÒìµÄÃÍÇÝÒ²·×·××êÁ˳öÀ´£¬ÆÌÌì¸ÇµØÏò×Ű×ÒÂͯ×ÓËùÔڵķ½Ïò·ÉÈ¥¡£
°×ÒÂͯ×ÓµÄ×ì½Ç¹´³öһ˿¹îÒìµÄЦÒ⣺¡°ÒÔΪÇý¸ÏһЩ³óªµÄ¹ÖÊÞ¾ÍÄÜ×èµ²±¾×ùµÄ½Å²½£¿ÌìÕæ£¡¡±
ºä£¡
ËûµÄ³à½ÅÔÚº£ÃæÉÏÖØÖØÌ¤ÁËһϡ£
ÎÞÊýµÀÀ¶É«µÄÉÁµç£¬´ÓËûµÄ½ÅÏÂѸËÙÂûÑÓ¿ªÀ´£¬Ò»Ë²¼ä£¬·½Ô²°ÙÀïµÄº£Ã棬ȫ²¿±»±ùº®µÄÆøÏ¢¶³½áÁËÆðÀ´£¡
Æð·ü²»Æ½µÄºÚÉ«±ùÃæÉÏ£¬±»¶³½áµÄº£À˾ÍÏñÊÇÒ»µÀµÀÐüÑ£¬È®ÑÀ½»´í£¬ÔÚ¿ÕÖл®³öÒ»µÀµÀÁèÀ÷µÄ»¡¶È¡£
ÄÇЩ¹ÖÊÞµÄÉíÇû£¬¾ÍÏñÊÇ͹³öµØÃæµÄ½¸Ê¯£¬ÓÖÏñÊÇ¹í¸«Éñ¹¤Ö®ÏµÄʯµñ£¬ËÊÁ¢ÔÚ±»¶³½áµÄº£ÃæÉÏ£¬¹ÖÊÞµÄÑÛÖÐÔçÒÑʧȥÁËÉñ²É¡£
°×ÒÂͯ×ÓÉñÇéÀäÄ®£¬¾§Ó¨ÈçÓñµÄСÊÖÔÚ¿ÕÖаڶ¯ÁËһϡ£
Òõ³ÁµÄÌì¿ÕÖУ¬¶ÙʱÐËÆðÒ»ÕóÕóÇå·ç£¬ÆÌÌì¸ÇµØ·ÉÀ´µÄÃÍÇÝÃÇ£¬ËüÃǵÄÉíÌå¾ÍÏñÊÇɳ×ÓÄý¹Ì¶ø³ÉµÄÒ»°ã£¬ÔÚÂÆÂÆÇå·çÖаþÂäÏÂÀ´´ÖôϵĿÅÁ££¬×îºó»¯×÷ÁËÐéÎÞ¡£
¾ÙÊÖͶ×ãÖ®¼ä£¬°×ÒÂͯ×Ӿͽ«ÑÛǰµÄΣ»ú»¯½âµÃ¸É¸É¾»¾»£¡
È»¶øËû»¹ÊǺöÂÔÁË£¬ÕâÀï²»ÊDZðµÄµØ·½£¬ÕâÀïÊÇÓÄÂÞº£¡£
ºä¡£¡
Ìì¿ÕÖУ¬ÃÍÈ»ÕÀ·Å³öÁ½Éù¾ªÀ×£¬Á½µÀ¾Þ´óÎޱȵĿռäÁѺۣ¬¾Í·Â·ðÊÇÒª°ÑÌìÄ»¸øËºÁÑÒ»°ã£¬Í»Ø£µØÉÁÏÖ³öÀ´£¬ÕÀÁÑ¿ªµÄÒ»µÀµÀ֦辣¬ÉÁµç°ãÏò×Ű×ÒÂͯ×ÓÂûÑÓ¶øÈ¥¡£
°×ÒÂͯ×ÓÐÄÖÐÕðÅ£¬²»ÊÇÒòΪÕâÁ½µÀ¿Õ¼äÁѺ۵ÄÍþÁ¦Óжà´ó£¬¶øÊÇÒòΪ£¬ËûÓÐÒ»ÖÖ±»¶Ô·½¸øËã¼ÆµÄÐßŸС£
ÀϽ£¹í°ÑÕ½³¡Ñ¡ÔñÔÚÁËÕâÀ²»¾ÍÊÇÀûÓÃÕâÀïµÄ¿Õ¼ä²»Îȶ¨£¬ÒÔ´ËÀ´Ç£ÖÆ×Ô¼ºÂð£¿
ÏÖÔÚ¿´À´£¬ÀϽ£¹íµÃ³ÑÁË£¬ÒòΪ×Ô¼ºÊͷŵÄÍþÄÜÌ«´ó£¬ÒѾ¼¤»¯Á˿ռäÂÒÁ÷µÄ·´Ó¦£¬ËùÒÔ²ÅÓÐÁËÕâÁ½µÀ¾Þ´óÎޱȵĿռäÁѺۣ¡
ÒõÀäµÄÑÛÉñÑöÍû×Å·ÉÀ´µÄ¿Õ¼äÁѺۣ¬°×ÒÂͯ×ÓСÊÖÏòǰһĨ£¬ÕÀÁѵĿռäÁѺÛö®Ê±Í£Ö¹ÁËÂûÑÓ£¬ÏÂÒ»¿Ì£¬Á½µÀÁѺۻº»ºµØÎ®ËõÁË»ØÈ¥£¬ÔٶȺÏ£¡£
תÑÛÖ®¼ä£¬Õû¸öÌì¿Õ·çƽÀ˾²£¬¾ÍÁ¬Ó¿¶¯µÄ×î²»Îȶ¨µÄ¿Õ¼äÆøÁ÷£¬·Â·ðҲη¾åÓÚ°×ÒÂͯ×ÓµÄÍþÄÜ£¬²»¸ÒÔÙ¿¿½ü·ÖºÁ¡£
°×ÒÂͯ×ÓËàÁ¢ÔÚ±»¶³½áµÄº£ÃæÉÏ£¬Æ¬¿Ì²Å¼ÌÐøÏò×Åǰ·½×ßÈ¥¡£
¶³º£µÄǰ·½£¬Ò»×ùµºÓì³öÏÖÁË£¬Éñ½£¸ó·çÁé·åµÄ·åÖ÷×æÇ§ºÀ£¬Ò»Ï®ÇàÒ£¬ËàÁ¢ÔÚµºÓìµÄ×î¸ß·åÉÏ£¬ÉîåäµÄÄ¿¹â¿´×ź£ÃæÉÏ´ó²½Ç°Ðеİ×ÒÂͯ×Ó¡£
ËäÈ»ËûÒѾ֪µÀÕâλ°×ÒÂͯ×Ó¾ÍÊÇÌìÂöÊØÍûÕߣ¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇÎ»ÃæÉñµÄ·ÖÉí£¬µ«ÔÚÈç´ËÏÕ¶ñµÄ´óº£Ö®ÉÏ£¬¿´µ½Ò»¸öÎåËêµÄº¢×ÓÐŲ½Ç°ÐУ¬ÐÄÖжàÉÙ»¹ÊǾõµÃÓÐЩ¹îÒì¡£
ºöÈ»¼ä£¬º£ÃæÉϵİ×ÒÂͯ×Ó²»¼ûÁË£¬ËûµÄÑÛ¾¦Ò»»¨£¬ºÕÈ»·¢ÏÖ£¬°×ÒÂͯ×ÓÒѾ³öÏÖÔÚËûµÄÕýǰ·½£¡
°×ÒÂͯ×ÓÏò×Å×æÇ§ºÀ¹í÷ÈһЦ£¬Ì§ÆðÖÉÄÛµÄË«ÊÖ£¬Ö¸¼ä½ÓÁ¬Ìø¶¯³öÒ»µÀµÀºìâ¡£
·Â·ð×¹ÈëÁËÒ»Ìõʱ¼äµÄͨµÀ£¬ÎÞÊýµÀºì¹â´Ó×æÇ§ºÀµÄÊÓÏßÖл®¹ý£¬ËûÉõÖÁÀ´²»¼°×÷³öÈκη´Ó¦£¡
ÔÚËûµÄÉíºó£¬Á½°ÙÃû½£¸ó¾«Ó¢µÜ×Ó£¬»¯×÷¶þ°Ù¶äÌø¶¯µÄ»ð»¨£¬Ö»ÊÇÔÚ·çÖдæÔÚÁËÒ»ÃëÖÓ£¬±ãÈ«²¿ÏûÉ¢ÁË¡£
×æÇ§ºÀ¾ª³öÒ»ÉùÀ亹£¬Çé²»×Ô½ûµØ»ØÍ·¿´ÁËÒ»ÑÛ£¬µ±¿´µ½¿Õµ´µ´µÄµØÃæºó£¬ÐÄÖв»½ûÒ»³Á¡£
ËûÖÕÓÚÒâʶµ½£¬ÄÄÅÂ×Ô¼ºÒѾÊÇËÄ·¨ÁéÍõÁË£¬µ«ÔÚÕâλÉñÁéµÄÃæÇ°£¬°ëµã»ú»á¶¼Ã»ÓУ¡
¾ªïøµØ¿´×Ű×ÒÂͯ×Ó£¬×æÇ§ºÀµÖÓù×ÅÉãÈËÐÄÆÇµÄÍþѹ£¬²üÉùÎʵÀ£º¡°ÄãΪºÎ²»É±ÎÒ£¿£¡¡±
¡°Ë˵±¾×ù²»É±Ä㣿¡±°×ÒÂͯ×Ó±ùÀäµØËµµÀ£¬¡°×æÇ§ºÀ£¬ÄãµÄÏÈ׿¿¿×ÅÒ»Ö»ÀÃÑ¥×Ó£¬±ã³ÉÈ«ÁËÄãÃÇ׿¼ÒǧÄêµÄ»Ô»Í£¬¿ÉÈç½ñ¾ÍÒòΪÄãÙôäÂÁËÉñÁ飬²»µ«ÊÇÄ㣬ÄãµÄ¼Ò×å¶¼½«¸¶³ö»ÙÃðµÄ´ú¼Û£¡¡±
ÖÉÄÛµÄͯÒô£¬ÉñÊ¥µÄÍþѹ£¬ÈÃ×æÇ§ºÀ´¦ÔÚÒ»ÖÖ¹îÒìµÄ»Ã¾õÖУ¬ËûÄܸоõµ½£¬×Ô¼ºµÄÁé»êÕýÔÚ±ÀÀ££¬Ò²ÐíÏÂÒ»¿Ì£¬Ëû½«¹òµ¹ÔÚµØÉÏ£¬³¼·þÔÚÉñÁéµÄ½ÅÏ£¬ÆòÇóËûµÄ¿íË¡¡£
²»£¬¾ø²»£¡
×æÇ§ºÀ°×·¢·ÉÑĿµÉÓûÁÑ£¬ÃÍÈ»´ß¶¯ÌåÄÚÄÜÁ¿£¬ËûµÄÉíÌå˲¼äÏûʧÔÚԵء£
¡°µñ³æÐ¡¼¼£¡¡±
°×ÒÂͯ×Ó¿´¶¼²»¿´£¬Ð¡ÊÖһ̽£¬Ò»µÀÕÆÓ°Ö±½Ó·É³öÐé¿ÕÖ®ÖУ¬Ò»°Ñ½«×æÇ§ºÀË²ÒÆµÄÉíÌ司¾¾Á˳öÀ´£¬ÖØÖØË¤ÔÚÁ˵ØÉÏ¡£
Å飡
×æÇ§ºÀºóÐÄ×ŵأ¬È«Éí¹Ç÷À¾¡Ë飬ÎåÔàÒ²ÔÚÕâһˤ֮Ï£¬ÁѳÉÁËËé¿é¡£
Ëû¿ñÅç³öÒ»¿ÚÏÊѪ£¬ÃÔÃɵÄÑÛÉñ¿´×Ű×ÒÂͯ×Ó£¬ºöÈ»¼äßÖ×ìһЦ¡£
°×ÒÂͯ×Ó²»ÓɵÃÒ»Õú£¬ÃÍÈ»¾õµÃ²»Ã˲¼äÏòºóÆ®µ´¶øÈ¥¡£
È»¶øÒѾÀ´²»¼°ÁË£¬ËûµÄÉÏ·½£¬Ðé¿ÕÖУ¬ÃÍÈ»¼äÉÁÏÖ³öÒ»¸öССµÄÈ˶ù£¬»ëÉíÉÁ¶¯×Åè貵Ĺâ⣬ÅéȻըÁÑ¡£
ÔªÁé×Ô±¬£¡
ºä£¡
¾ªÌ춯µØµÄºäÃùÉùÖУ¬Õû×ùɽ·å»¯Îª»Ò½ý£¬µºÓìµÄµØÉÏÕÀÁÑ¿ªÒ»µÀµÀ¾Þ´óµÄ·ì϶£¬ÐÚÓ¿µÄº£Ë®´ÓµØÁÑÖи߸߳åÉÏÌì¿Õ£¬ÔٶȽ«µºÓì˺ÁÑ¡£
°×ÒÂͯ×ÓÉíÐÎÒ»ÉÁ£¬ÒÑȻվÁ¢ÔÚÊ®ÀïÖ®ÍâµÄº£ÃæÉÏ¡£
ËûµÄÒ·þÉÏÕ´ÁËһЩ»Ò³¾£¬Á³ÉÏÓ¿¶¯×ÅÇàÉ«µÄÆøÏ¢£¬Æ¬¿Ì³Á¼ÅÁËÏÂÈ¥¡£
ÎÞÉùÎÞÏ¢£¬°×ÒÂͯ×Ó×óÊÖµÄСĴָÉÏ£¬Ö¸¼×¸Ç¶ùѸËÙ·¢ºÚ£¬¾ÍÏñÊÇ¿ÝήµÄ»¨°ê£¬Æ®ÂäÁËÏÂÀ´¡£
»ìÕË£¬Ä㾹Ȼ»ÙÁËÎÒµÄÒ»¸öÖ¸¼×£¡°×ÒÂͯ×ÓµÄÐÄÖз¢³ö·ßŵÄÅØÏøÉù¡£
Ëû´óÒâÁË£¬±¾ÏëÊÕ·þÁË×æÇ§ºÀ£¬Ì½²éÒ»ÏÂÀϽ£¹íºÍÏôÇ¿µÄ¶¯Ïò£¬µ«Ëû»¹Êǵ͹ÀÁË×æÇ§ºÀµÄÒâÖ¾¡£
´ÓÒ»¿ªÊ¼£¬×æÇ§ºÀ¾Íû´òËã»îÏÂÈ¥£¬ËùÒÔËûÊ©Õ¹Ë²ÒÆµÄʱºò£¬¾¹È»½«±¾ÌåºÍÔªÁé·Ö½â¿ªÀ´£¬Í¬Ê±ËÍÈëµ½Á½¸ö¿Õ¼ä¡£
°×ÒÂͯ×ÓµÄ×¢ÒâÁ¦Ö»ÊÇ·ÅÔÚÁË×æÇ§ºÀµÄ±¾ÌåÉÏ£¬È´ºöÂÔÁËÔªÁéµÄ´æÔÚ¡£
¶øÔÚ×æÇ§ºÀ±¾Ìå±»»Ù¡¢±ÐÃüµÄÄÇÒ»¿Ì£¬Ëû²ÅÒý±¬ÁË×Ô¼ºµÄÔªÁ飡
¡°äÂÉñÕßÃÇ£¬±¾×ù²»»áÔÙ¸øÄãÃÇÈκλú»á£¬ÈκÎÊÔͼ×èµ²±¾×ùµÄÈË£¬¸ñɱÎðÂÛ£¡¡±±ùÀäµÄÉùÒôÆ®µ´ÔÚÓÄÂÞº£ÉÏ£¬ÕðÅÖеİ×ÒÂͯ×Ó£¬´ó²½Ïò×Åǰ·½µÄº£Óò×ßÈ¥¡£
µÚ1840Õ¡¡´ó»¤·¨µÄ¿ñÏë
ÓÄÂÞº£µÄÉµØ´ø£¬Æ½¾²µÄº£ÃæÉÏÅÌÐý×ÅÒ»¸ö¾Þ´óµÄäöÎУ¬¾ÍÏñÊÇÒ»¸öºÚÉ«µÄÄ«ÅÌ¡£
Ò»¹ÉÇ¿´óµÄ½ûÖÆÖ®Á¦´ÓÐýתµÄÄ«ÅÌÉÏÉ¢·¢³öÀ´£¬ÉõÖÁ½«º£À˶¼×èµ²ÔÚÍâÃæ¡£
Ä«Å̵ÄÕýÖÐÑ룬һµÀ¹âÖù³åÌì¶øÆð£¬Ç¡ºÃºÍÄ«ÅÌÐýתµÄ·½ÏòÏà·´£¬ÔÚ¹âÖùµÄ±íÃæÉÏ£¬ÉÁ¶¯×ÅÎÞÇî»ÃÓ°£¬ÁîÈËÄ¿²»Ï¾½Ó¡£
¹âÖùµÄÖÐÑ룬ÊÇÒ»×ùµºÓì¡£
µºÓìµÄÖÐÑ룬ÊÇÒ»×ùÌ®ËúµÄºÚ°µÊ¥µî¡£
µ±Äê¾ÍÊÇÔÚÕâÀÈË×åºÍħ×å¾ÀúÁËÊ·ÉÏ×ÁÒµÄÒ»³¡Ç¿ÕßÖ®Õ½£¬Ä§×å×îºóµÄÒ»×ùºÚ°µµîÌñ»»Ù£¬µ±Ê±µÄӣľ´ó¼À˾£¬Ê®¶þÖ÷¼À£¬ÎÞÊýħ×å¸ßÊÖ£¬¶¼ÔÉÂäÔÚÕâÆ¬·ÏÐæÖ®ÖС£
ËùÒÔÕâÆ¬·ÏÐæ£¬±»Ä§×å³ÆÎªÊ¥Ðæ¡£
²ÐÆÆµÄºÚ°µµîÌÃÖУ¬ÀϽ£¹íһϮ°×Ò£¬ÉñÇéËàÄ£¬ÑöÍû×ÅÄÇ×ù²¼ÂúÁѺ۵ÄħÉñ´óÈ˵ĵñÏñ£¬ÐÄÖÐÕðº³ÄªÃû¡£
´ÓÄǵñÏñÉϵÄÁѺÛÖУ¬Ëû·Â·ð¿´µ½Á˵±ÄêÓÄÂÞº£Ö®Õ½µÄµ¶¹â½£Ó°£¬Ã¿Ò»µÀÁÑÎÆ£¬´ú±í×ÅÎÞÊýÇ¿ÕßµÄÔÉÂ䣬ÕâÆäÖмÈÓÐħ×åµÄÇ¿Õߣ¬Ò²ÓÐÎÞÊýÈË×åµÄÇ¿Õß¡£
ËûµÄÉíºó£¬ËàÁ¢×ÅÁ½Î»Ä§×ð´óÈË£¬ÆäÖÐһλħ×ðËàÉùµÀ£º¡°ËµÆðÀ´»¹Òª¸ÐлÏôÇ¿£¬ÊÇËûÐÞ¸´ÁËħÉñ´óÈ˵ĵñÏñ£¬¸æÎ¿ÁËÕâÀïÎÞÊýµÄÍö»ê¡£¡±
ÀϽ£¹íÑÛÖÐÉÁ¹ýһ˿ÑÈÈ»£¬×ªÉí¿´×ÅÁ½Î»Ä§×ð£¬ÎʵÀ£º¡°Ñ¡ÔñÔÚÕâÀïÕ½¶·£¬ºÏÊÊÂ𣿡±
½«¶Ô¸¶ÌìÂöÊØÍûÕßµÄÕ½³¡Ñ¡ÔñÔÚÕâÀÆäʵ²¢²»ÊÇÀϽ£¹íµÄÖ÷Ò⣬¶øÊÇÁ½Î»Ä§×ðµÄÖ÷Òâ¡£
ÓÄÂÞº£ÊÇÌìÒþ´ó½×î²»Îȶ¨µÄµØ·½£¬Ò»µ©ÓÐÇ¿Á¦½éÈë½øÀ´£¬´òÆÆÁËÆ½ºâ£¬ºÜ¿ÉÄܾͻáÒý·¢Ò»³¡Î»Ãæ·ç±©¡£
¶øÊ¥Ð棬ÔòÊÇÕû¸öÓÄÂÞº£µÄ±©·çÑÛ¡£
ÔÚÕâÀÁú×åµÄÄÜÁ¿£¬ËÄ´ó·¨ÔòµÄÄÜÁ¿£¬Ä§×åµÄÄÜÁ¿£¬ÐγÉÇ¿´óµÄ½ûÖÆ£¬±Ë´ËÖÆÔ¼µÄͬʱ£¬»¹ÖÆÔ¼×ÅÀ´×Ô¿Õ¼äÂÒÁ÷µÄÄÜÁ¿¡£
ÁýÕÖ×ÅÊ¥ÐæµÄ¹âÖù£¬ÊµÔòÊÇÎÞÊýµÀ¿Õ¼äÁÑ·ìµÄ½áºÏÌ壬ֻҪÕâµÀ¹âÖùÌ®ËúÁË£¬Õû¸öÓÄÂÞº£Ò²½«Ì®Ëú£¡
ÌìÂöÊØÍûÕßÊÇÎ»ÃæÉñµÄ·ÖÉí£¬µ±È»²»»áÑÛÕöÕö¿´×ÅÎ»Ãæ·ç±©±¬·¢£¬Õâ¾Í×¢¶¨ËûÔÚ³öÊÖµÄʱºò±Ø¶¨ÒªÓÐËù¹Ë¼É£¬ÊøÊÖÊø½Å¡£
µ±È»£¬ÀϽ£¹íÎʵIJ»ÊÇÕâ¸ö£¬ËûÖ»ÊǾõµÃ£¬Ê¥Ðæ¼ÈÈ»ÔÚħ×åÈ˵ÄÐÄÄ¿ÖÐÈç´ËÖØÒª£¬Ò»µ©ÔÚÕ½¶·Öб»»Ù£¬½«ÔÙÒ²ÎÞ·¨Íì»ØÁË¡£
ÏÈǰ˵»°µÄħ×ðÑöÍû×Ų¼ÂúÁÑÎÆµÄħÉñµñÏñ£¬Éî³ÁµÀ£º¡°ÎªÁËħ×åµÄ¸£ìí£¬Ò»Çж¼ÊÇÖµµÃµÄ£¡¡±
Õâ°ËÄêÀ´£¬Ä§×åÁìµØ·¢ÉúµÄ±ä»¯£¬ËùÓеÄħ×åÈ˶¼¿´ÔÚÑÛÀï¡£
ħ×åÔÚ´ó¼À˾µÄÂÊÁì֮ϣ¬ÒѾ»Ö¸´ÁËÔªÆø£¬ÔÙ¶ÈǿʢÆðÀ´£¬¶øÇÒÒòΪºÍÈË×å¹ØÏµµÄ¸ÄÉÆ£¬Ë«·½µÄ½»Á÷Ò²¶àÁËÆðÀ´¡£
ÕâÒ»Çеı仯£¬¶¼ÊÇ´ó¼À˾´øÀ´µÄ£¬µ±È»Ò²ÊÇÏôÇ¿´øÀ´µÄ¡£
¶øÇÒ×Ô´ÓÏôÇ¿×øÕòÉñ½£¸óÒÔÀ´£¬ÎÞÊýµÄħ×åÐÞÐÐÕß¿ªÊ¼×ªÏòÁ˽£ÐÞ£¬ÔÚ¡¶ÎÞÃûÆß½£¡·µÄÒýµ¼Ï£¬ËûÃÇÒѾµÇÌÃÈëÊÒ£¬²¢ÇÒÇ×ÊÖ´¥¼°µ½ÄÇÆ¬½£Ö®·¨ÔòµÄÌì¿Õ¡£
Õâ¸øÁËËûÃÇÎÞÇîµÄÐÅÐÄ£¬Ò²ÈÃËûÃDzúÉúÁ˸üΪǿ´ó¶ø¼á¶¨µÄÐÅÑö¡£
ËûÃÇÖªµÀ£¬ÏôǿΪËûÃÇÖ¸ÒýµÄ·ÊǶԵģ¬Ò»¸öȫеÄÊÀ½çÕýÔÚµ½À´£¬ÕýÔÚÕÙ»½×ÅËûÃÇ¡£
Ö»ÒªÏôÇ¿Äܹ»´ò¿ªÄÇÉÈÃÅ£¬Ä§×彫ÔÙÒ²²»»á±»²ÔÌìËùÒÅÆú£¡
±£»¤ÏôÇ¿£¬¾ÍÊÇÔÚ±£»¤Ä§×å×ÔÉí£¬²»ÒªËµÊÇÒ»×ù·ÏÐæÁË£¬ÄÄÅÂÊÇ×Ü̳µÄ±ùѩʥµî£¬ÓÖÓÐʲô²»ÄÜÉáÆúµÄÄØ£¿
¾ÍÔÚ¼¸È˶Ô×ÅħÉñµñÏñ£¬¼¤µ´Âú»³µÄʱºò£¬´ó»¤·¨ÎÀÄÏϪ´ó²½´ÓÍâÃæ×ßÀ´£¬Ò»Á³Äý֮֨ɫ¡£
¡°Ê¦×𣬶þ°Ù½£¸óµÜ×Ó£¬»¹ÓÐ×æÇ§ºÀ£¬ÔÉÂäÁË£¡¡±
ÖÚÈËĬȻ£¬ÕâÊÇÒâÁÏÖ®ÖеÄÊ£¬·Çµ«ÊÇ×æÇ§ºÀ£¬°üÀ¨ËûÃÇÔÚÄÚ£¬Æäʵ¶¼ÒѾ×öºÃÁËÔÉÂäµÄ×¼±¸¡£
ÀϽ£¹íÇá̾һÉù£¬»º»ºµÀ£º¡°²»ÓÃÄѹý£¬ÎÒÃÇÒ²ÖÕ½«ÔÉÂ䣬ֻÊÇÏ£Íû׿·åÖ÷ÔÚÔÉÂäǰ£¬ÖÁÉÙÄܰεôÄÇλÉñÁéµÄÒ»¸ùÖ¸¼×£¡¡±
ÎÀÄÏϪµÄÐÄÖв»½ûÓ¿ÆðÒ»¹É±¯Á¹£¬¶þ°Ù½£¸óµÜ×Ó£¬Ò»Î»ËÄ·¨ÁéÍõµÄ³¬¼¶Ç¿Õߣ¬ËûÃǵÄÐÔÃüÈ´Ö»ÄܺÍÌìÂöÊØÍûÕßµÄÒ»¸ùÖ¸¼×ÏàÌá²¢ÂÛ£¡
һλħ×ð¿´³öÁËÎÀÄÏϪÐľ³µÄ²¨¶¯£¬Æ½¾²µÀ£º¡°ÎÀ»¤·¨ÓÐËù²»Öª£¬ºÍÎ»ÃæÉñ½µÁÙµÄÇ¿´óµÄÉñÁ¦±ÈÆðÀ´£¬ÌìÂöÊØÍûÕßµÄÉíÌåÆäʵ·Ç³£´àÈõ¡£ÌìÂöÊØÍûÕßµÄÉíÌåÿËÀÍöÒ»²¿·Ö£¬¾Í»áÍÑÂäÒ»¸ùÖ¸¼×£¬¶øµ±Ê®¸ùÖ¸¼×È«²¿ÍÑÂ䣬¾ÍÐû¸æ×ÅÌìÂöÊØÍûÕßµÄËÀÍö£¡¡±
ÎÀÄÏϪ²»½ûµÉ´óÑÛ¾¦£¬ÐÄÖÐÕ𶯲»ÒÑ£¬Èç¹ûÌìÂöÊØÍûÕßµÄÉíÌåËÀÍö£¬ÄÇÃ´Î»ÃæÉñµÄ·ÖÉíÒ²½«ÎÞ´¦ÈÝÉí£¬Ö»ÄÜÏûÉ¢ÁË¡£
ËûÔÙ»ØÏëÀϽ£¹íÏÈǰµÄ»°£¬ÔÙÒ²²»¾õµÃÓÐÈκοäÕŵĵط½¡£
ÓÃËûµÄÒ»ÌõÃü£¬»»È¡ÌìÂöÊØÍûÕßµÄÒ»¸ùÖ¸¼×£¬ËûÒ²¸É°¡£¬Ö»ÅÂÈ˼Ҳ»¸É¡£
Èç¹û׿·åÖ÷ÕæÄÜÓÃ×Ô¼ºµÄÃü»ÙµôÌìÂöÊØÍûÕßµÄÒ»¸ùÖ¸¼×£¬Ò²ËãÊÇËÀ¶øÎÞº¶ÁË£¡
Ô±¾´¦ÔÚìþìýÖеÄÎÀÄÏϪ£¬ºöÈ»¼ä»Ö¸´Á˵¶¨£¬Ïò×ÅÀϽ£¹í´¹Ê×ÖÂÒâºó£¬´ó²½ÏòÍâ×ßÈ¥£¬²¼Ö÷ÀÏßÈ¥ÁË¡£
ƽÐĶøÂÛ£¬ÎÀÄÏϪ´ÓÀ´²»ÈÏΪËûÃÇÄܹ»É±ÁËÌìÂöÊØÍûÕߣ¬ÕýÒòÈç´Ë£¬Ëû²Å»á¸Ðµ½»Ì¿Ö£¬¸Ðµ½²»°²£¬ÉõÖÁʧȥÁË·½Ïò¸Ð¡£
µ«ÏÖÔÚ²»Í¬ÁË£¬ËûÕÒµ½·½ÏòÁË£¬ÎÀÄÏϪµÄÒªÇ󲻸ߣ¬Ö»ÒªÌìÂöÊØÍûÕßµÄÒ»¸ùÖ¸¼×£¡
ÖÁÓÚ½£¹íʦ×ð£¬ËûÀÏÈ˼ÒÓ¦¸ÃÄܰεôÁ½¸ù°É£¿
Á½Î»Ä§×ð´óÈËÁªÊÖ֮ϣ¬Ò²ÄܰεôÈý¸ù°É£¿
Èç¹ûÔËÆøºÃµÄ»°£¬½èÖúÊ¥ÐæµÄ½ûÖÆÁ¦£¬»¹ÄÜÔٰεôÌìÂöÊØÍûÕßµÄÒ»¸ùÖ¸¼×¡£
ÔÙ¼ÓÉÏ×Ô¼ºÕâÒ»¸ù£¬×æÇ§ºÀµÄÄÇÒ»¸ù£¬ÌìÂöÊØÍûÕߵİ˸ùÖ¸¼×±»°Îµô£¬¾ÍֻʣÏÂÁ½¸ùÁË£¡
ÒÔÏôÇ¿ºÍ¶¡á°ÒÀµÄʵÁ¦£¬»¹ÓÐÐþµçºÍÐþÓ°ÖúÕó£¬ÒÔ¼°×Ü̳µÄħ×å¸ßÊÖ£¬ÔõôҲÄܰÑ×îºóµÄÁ½¸ùÖ¸¼×°ÎµôÁ˰ɣ¡
ÎÀÄÏϪһ·ÐÐ×ߣ¬Ò»Â·Ã¼·ÉÉ«Î裬×îºó²»½û·ÅÉù´óЦÆðÀ´¡£
Ëûµ±È»ÖªµÀ×Ô¼ºÒìÏëÌ쿪ÁË£¬ÌìÂöÊØÍûÕ߿ɲ»ÊDZ»À¦°óÔÚÒÎ×ÓÉϵÄÇô·¸£¬ÄãÏë°ÎÈ˼ҵÄÖ¸¼×¾ÍÄܰεġ£
ÌìÂöÊØÍûÕßÊÇÉñÁéµÄ·ÖÉí£¬ÊÇÉñÁéµÄ»¯Éí£¬ËûµÄʵÁ¦£¬ËûµÄÖǻۣ¬¶¼²»ÊÇ·²ÈË¿ÉÒÔÑöÍûµÄ£¬ÓÖÔõô¿ÉÄÜÇáÒ×ÈÃËûÃǵÃÊÖ£¿
µ«²»¹ÜÔõÑù£¬ÎÀÄÏϪÒѾ¸ø×Ô¼ºÏÂÁËËÀÃüÁΪÁËÄÇÒ»¸ùÖ¸¼×£¬ËûÔ¸Ò⸶³öÉúÃüµÄ´ú¼Û£¡
µÚ1841Õ¡¡Ê¥Ðæ²»Éè·À
ÓÄÂÞº£ÉÏ£¬°×ÒÂͯ×Ó̤À˶øÐУ¬±¾À´ËûÒÔΪÀϽ£¹í»á²¼Öøü¶àµÄÈ˺ͻú¹ØÀ´À¹½ØËû£¬ÄÇÑùËû¾Í¿ÉÒÔ´ó¿ªÉ±½ä£¬Ò»Ð¹ËðʧÁËÒ»¸öÖ¸¼×µÄÐÄÍ·Ö®ºÞ¡£
ÄÄÔøÏ룬һ·×ßÀ´£¬·çƽÀ˾²£¬±ð˵ÊÇÈË£¬¾ÍÁ¬Ï®»÷ËûµÄº£ÊÞ¶¼Ã»ÓгöÏÖÒ»Ö»¡£
ºÜ¿ì£¬Ëû¾Í¿´µ½ÁËÄǵÀ³åÌì¶øÆðµÄ¹âÖù£¬¿´µ½ÁËÄÇÆ¬ÐýתµÄºÚÉ«º£Óò¡£
Ö¹²½ÔÚÄ«ÅÌÒ»°ãµÄäöÎÐǰ£¬°×ÒÂͯ×ÓÇ峺µÄÄ¿¹âÏò×ÅÄǵÀ¹âÖù¿´È¥£¬Ë²¼ä±ã¿´Í¸ÁËÕû¸ö½ûÖÆµÄ±¾ÖÊ¡£
ËûÄÇÇåÐãµÄüͷ²»½ûÖåÁËһϣ¬ÑÛÖÐÁ÷¶³öÄý֮֨ɫ¡£
ÕâÆ¬º£Óò£¬³ä³â×Å´óÁ¿µÄÁúÏ¢£¬ºÚ°µÄÜÁ¿£¬Î»Ãæ·¨ÔòÄÜÁ¿£¬»¹ÓÐÀ´×Ô¿Õ¼äÁѺ۵ĿռäÂÒÁ÷£¬ËüÃÇÔÓÂÒÎÞÕ£¬ÁèÂÒ²»¿°£¬µ«È´ÈÚºÏÔÚÁËÒ»Æð£¬ÇÉÃîµØ´ï³ÉÁËÆ½ºâ¡£
Ò»µ©Æ½ºâ±»´òÆÆ£¬ÊƱػáÒý·¢Ò»³¡·ç±©£¬Õⳡ·ç±©½«´ÓÕâÀ↑ʼ£¬Ï¯¾íÕû¸öÓÄÂÞº££¬½ø¶øÏ¯¾íÕû¸ö´ó½£¬Ôì³ÉÄÑÒÔ¹ÀÁ¿µÄÆÆ»µ£¡
Ëû²»ÊÇûÓа취ǿÐÐÕòѹÕⳡ·ç±©£¬µ«Èç´ËÒ»À´£¬