Animals； despite their ability to move about and find shelters； are just as much influenced by climate as plants are。 Creatures such as the camel and the penguin are so highly specialized that they have as extremely limited distribution。 Others； such as bears； are flexible enough to adapt to a broad range of climates。 Ocean…dwelling organisms are just as sensitive to climatic changes — in this case temperature and salinity（含盐量）— as land animals。 Reef corals can survive only in clear warm seawater。 Certain foraminifers are so sensitive to changes in their environment that their presence can be taken as an index of sea temperature。 Human beings are among the least specialized of all animals and can live almost anywhere。 Their clothes and their homes act as a sort of “miniature climate” that can be taken with them everywhere。
26。 Which of the following is neither plant nor animal？
A） Tundra B） Reef coral C） Penguin D） Camel
27。 Acomording to the passage； the tundra grow close to the ground 。
A） to avoid being eaten by arctic animals
B） because fertilizer is not readily available
C） to minimize exposure to the cold
D） because unfrozen water plants are very scarce
28。 Acomording to the passage； which of the following can be found in the greatest number of different climate areas on Earth？
A） Reef corals B） Penguins C） Bears D） Camels
29。 It can be inferred from the passage that foraminifers （Line 6； Para 4） are a 。
A） kind of weather pattern B） species of tundra plant
C） form of sea life D） type of miniature penguin
30。 Acomording to the passage； human beings can survive almost everywhere on Earth because 。
A） they have developed advanced forms of transportation
B） they have learned how to process seawater for drinking
C） their body temperature can vary considerably
D） their shelters and clothing help them to adapt to the environment
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage。
One of the most widely discussed subjects these days is the energy crisis。 Automobile drivers cannot get gasoline； homeowners may not get enough heating oil； factories are threatened by a fuel shortage。
The crisis has raised questions about the large oil companies and windfall（意外收获）profits。 Critics of the oil industry charge that the major companies are getting richer because of the oil shortage。 Shortage； of course； drives prices up。 As oil prices rise； the critics say； the oil companies will make more and more money — windfall profits — without doing a thing to earn the extra cash。
“Windfall” profits are sudden unearned profits — profits made because of luck； or some special turn of events。 The word itself tells what “windfall” means — something blown down by the wind； such as trees； or fruit blown from trees。 But the word has taken on a special meaning。 This meaning — getting something unearned — was first used in medieval（中世纪的）England。 This is how it started： At that time much of the land was in the hands of a few barons（贵族）。 The rest of the people； commoners； lived and worked on their vast estates（领地）。 They planted the seed； cared for the farm animals and harvested the crops。 Not all the land； however； was used for farming。 Every land baron kept a large private forest for hunting deer and wild boar（野猪）。 When hungry； the people sometimes would like kill the animals in the lords forest for food。 And there were times when they might cut down trees for fuel。 So； strong laws were passed to protect the forest and the animals。 Violations were severely punished。 But there was one way people could get wood from the forest。 If they found trees blown down by the wind – “windfall” — they were free to take them for use as fuel in their homes。 And that is the meaning that has come down to us — something gotten by luck or acomident。
The poor common people of old England must often have prayed for a good strong wind。 Critics today complain that the oil industry has also been praying for something just like it — some political or military storm that might produce a windfall — a rise in oil prices and profits。 The oil companies deny that this is so。 In congress； critics of the oil companies have proposed a tax on such profits。 The debate on rising oil prices will go on for some time； and most likely we will hear more and more about windfall profits。
31。 “Critics of the companies” in the last paragraph means 。
A） persons from the oil companies who are criticizing others
B） persons criticizing the oil companies
C） critical opinions from the oil companies
D） critical opinions to the oil companies
32。 Which of the following couldn’t the commoners do in the medieval English？
A） Do farm work。 B） Raise animals。
C） Live on baron’s land。 D） Kill animals for food。
33。 Which word （s） should be stressed？
A） ‘windfall profits B） windfall ‘profits
C） ‘windfall ‘profits D） windfall profits
34。 The author’s attitude towards the “windfall profits” made by the major oil companies seems to be ______。
A） sympathetic B） objective C） indistinct D） critical
35。 Which do you think would be the best title for the article？
A） A Story in Medieval England。 B） Energy Crisis。
C） Windfall Profits。 D） The Origin of Windfall。
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage。
The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects。 Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement。 For example； some advertisers have appealed to peoples desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage。 Some of the products work。 Others are worthless and a waste of consumers money。 Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading。 A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice。 It turned out that the bread was not dietetic； but just regular bread。 There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin； but there were the same number of calories in every loaf。
On the positive side； emotional appeals may respond to a consumers real concerns。 Consider fire insurance。 Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss。 But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance。 The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people。 If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads； they will benefit from the advertising。 Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation。 Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it？
Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers； but it does not force them to buy the product。 Consumers still control the final buying decision。
36。 Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by 。
A） stressing their high quality
B） convincing him of their low price
C） maintaining a balance between quality and price
D） appealing to his buying motives
37。 The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that 。
A） thin slices of bread could contain more calories
B） the loaf was cut into regular slices
C） the bread was not genuine bread
D） the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same
38。 The passage tells us that 。
A） sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needs
B） advertisements ocomasionally force consumers into buying things they don’t need
C） the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisements
D） fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment
39。 It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should 。
A） think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisements
B） guard against the deceiving nature of advertisements
C） be familiar with various advertising strategies
D） avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal
40。 The passage is mainly about 。
A） how to make a wise buying decision
B） ways to protect the interests of the consumer
C） the positive and negative aspects of advertising
D） the function of advertisements in promoting sales
Part III Vocabulary （20 Minutes）
Directions： There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part。 For each sentence there are four choices marked A）； B）； C） and D）。 Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence。 Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre。
41。 He said he is my friend but I don’t think so。
A） intensive B） imitate C） intimate D） intimidate
42。 I you’ve decided against taking my advice。
A） express B） declare C） assume D） exclude
43。 Our plan when it proved too costly。
A） fell through B） got through C） broke through D） went through
44。 Some strange customs have from earlier times。
A） evolved B） survived C） involved D） suspended
45。 You don’t have to pay any on personal belongings。
A） price B） duty C） expense D） fare
46。 Food is a big industry in this area。
A） projecting B） promising C） processing D） promoting
47。 We never that John would become a doctor。
A） respected B） wondered C） suspected D） estimated
48